Yoga Sutras of Patanjali · 1.8

विपर्ययो मिथ्याज्ञानमतद्रूपप्रतिष्ठम् ॥८॥

viparyayo mithyājñānamatadrūpapratiṣṭham

Wrong knowledge is false cognition, not based on the actual form of its object.

— Yoga Sutras of Patanjali 1.8

Source: Sanskrit attributed to Patanjali (c. 2nd century BCE – 4th century CE). Public-domain English readings drawn from Swami Vivekananda's 'Raja Yoga' (1896) and Charles Johnston's 'The Yoga Sutras of Patanjali' (1912).